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Developing effective tumor vaccines: basis, challenges and perspectives

XU Qingwen, CHEN Weifeng

Frontiers of Medicine 2007, Volume 1, Issue 1, Pages 11-19 doi: 10.1007/s11684-007-0003-9

Abstract: these antigens, cancer/testis antigen (CT antigen) is considered to be the most promising target for immunotherapySuccessful immunotherapy of tumors requires understanding of the natural relationship between the immune

Keywords： development conventional identification elucidation Successful immunotherapy

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Prospects of immunotherapy for cancer

Zhinan Chen

Frontiers of Medicine 2019, Volume 13, Issue 1, Pages 1-2 doi: 10.1007/s11684-019-0691-y

Abstract:

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Immunometabolism: a new dimension in immunotherapy resistance

Frontiers of Medicine 2023, Volume 17, Issue 4, Pages 585-616 doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-1012-z

Abstract: tumor-infiltrating immunocytes could offer fresh opportunities to break the resistance and ameliorate existing ICI immunotherapyHerein, we elaborate potential mechanisms underlying immunotherapy resistance from a novel dimension

Keywords： immune cell immunometabolism metabolic reprogramming immunotherapy resistance tumor microenvironment

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Dendritic cell vaccines in cancer immunotherapy: from biology to translational medicine

Hongmei Xu, Xuetao Cao

Frontiers of Medicine 2011, Volume 5, Issue 4, Pages 323-332 doi: 10.1007/s11684-011-0172-4

Abstract:

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Challenges of NK cell-based immunotherapy in the new era

Fang Fang, Weihua Xiao, Zhigang Tian

Frontiers of Medicine 2018, Volume 12, Issue 4, Pages 440-450 doi: tzg@ustc.edu.cn

Abstract:

Natural killer cells (NKs) have a great potential for cancer immunotherapy because they can rapidly

Keywords： natural killer cells immunotherapy adoptive transfer genetic modification immune checkpoint inhibitor

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Engineers as business leaders: A need to investigate formative collegiate experiences of highly successful

Frontiers of Engineering Management 2022, Volume 9, Issue 1, Pages 159-162 doi: 10.1007/s42524-021-0183-z

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CAR T-cell immunotherapy: a powerful weapon for fighting hematological B-cell malignancies

Frontiers of Medicine 2021, Volume 15, Issue 6, Pages 783-804 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0904-z

Abstract: Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR T) immunotherapy opens a new path for targeted therapy of hematological

Keywords： CAR T cells hematological malignancies review

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The dawn of successful prediction of major earthquakes

Li Ping and Yang Mei’e

Strategic Study of CAE 2009, Volume 11, Issue 6, Pages 19-27

Abstract: Since 1949, Chinese scientists have successfully predicted occurrence of many major earthquakes, such as the Haicheng M 7.3 event in 1975 and the Asian Game Village shock of 1990. In recent 20 years, however, some seismologists abroad have taken a disappointed and pessimistic view to earthquake prediction because of several failures. They suggest that the efforts should turn toward other fields, such as identification of building’s earthquake-proof capability, enhancement of house strength, and development of precise observational systems which will facilitate fast locating of future major temblors and emergent relief on site. Such a pessimistic feeling has also influence some Chinese researchers of the seismological community who attempted to give up efforts for earthquake prediction. Meanwhile other scientific workers are insisting in experiments and practices in this field and achieved some inspiring results. In this paper, we present several representative cases to illustrate that earthquakes are predictable under some conditions.

Keywords： Wenchuan Earthquake strong earthquake prediction microseism generating fault

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Cybersecurity Research—Essential to a Successful Digital Future

Jackie Craig

Engineering 2018, Volume 4, Issue 1, Pages 9-10 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.02.006

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Functional tolerance theory in incremental growth design

YANG Bo, ZE Xiangbo, YANG Tao

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2007, Volume 2, Issue 3, Pages 336-343 doi: 10.1007/s11465-007-0059-x

Abstract: To guarantee a successful transformation from the functional requirement to geometry constraints betweenFinally, a design example is used to demonstrate the successful application of the proposed functional

Keywords： successful transformation mathematical automation technology tolerance allocation minimum

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Identifying the driving factors of successful megaproject construction management: Findings from three

Qinghua HE, Junyan XU, Ting WANG, Albert P. C. CHAN

Frontiers of Engineering Management 2021, Volume 8, Issue 1, Pages 5-16 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0058-8

Abstract: many studies on megaproject success have been conducted, existing studies on the driving factors of successfulTherefore, this study aims to systematically explore the key factors that can lead to successful megaprojectFirst, the driving factors of successful megaproject construction are identified to deepen the understanding

Keywords： megaproject management driving factors project success case study China

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Regulatory T Cells and Their Clinical Applications in Antitumor Immunotherapy Review

Feng Xie, Rui Liang, Dan Li, Bin Li

Engineering 2019, Volume 5, Issue 1, Pages 132-139 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.12.002

Abstract: Immunotherapy has recently gained increasing interest among researchers due to its tremendous potential, there is renewed interest in the function of Tregs and in their clinical application in antitumor immunotherapy

Keywords： Regulatory T cells Cancer Immunotherapy

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Radial porous SiO

Chuangnian Zhang, Ying Dong, Jing Gao, Xiaoli Wang, Yanjun Jiang

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2021, Volume 15, Issue 5, Pages 1296-1311 doi: 10.1007/s11705-020-2034-6

Abstract: Here, we reported a cancer nanovaccine based on SiO nanoflowers with a special radial pore structure, which greatly enhanced cross-presentation and induced the production of cytotoxic T lymphocyte cells secreting granzymes B and interferon- . The antigen ovalbumin was covalently conjugated onto the as-synthesized hierarchical SiO nanoflowers, and the adjuvant cytosine-phosphate-guanine was electrostatically adsorbed into their radial pore by simple mixing before use. The nanovaccine exhibited excellent storage stability without antigen release after 27 days of incubation, negligible cytotoxicity to dendritic cells, and a high antigen loading capacity of 430±66 mg·g support. Besides, the nanovaccine could be internalized by dendritic cells via multiple pathways. And the enhancement of antigen/adjuvant uptake and lysosome escape of antigen were observed. Noteworthy, culture of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells in the presence of nanovaccine proved the activation of dendritic cells and antigen cross-presentation as well as secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. Besides, study verified the targeting of nanovaccine to draining lymph nodes, the complete suppression of tumor in six out of ten mice, and the triggering of notable tumor growth delay. Overall, the present results indicated that the nanovaccine can be served as a potential therapeutic vaccine to treat cancer.

Keywords： silica nanoflower antigen delivery cancer immunotherapy nanovaccine

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and novel CD3/CD19/CD20 trispecific antibodies against B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: targeted immunotherapy

Frontiers of Medicine 2022, Volume 16, Issue 1, Pages 139-149 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0835-8

Abstract: The CD19-targeting bispecific T-cell engager blinatumomab has shown remarkable efficacy in patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. However, several studies showed that blinatumomab has a short plasma half-life due to its low molecular weight, and thus its clinical use is limited. Furthermore, multiple trials have shown that approximately 30% of blinatumomab-relapsed cases are characterized by CD19 negative leukemic cells. Here, we design and characterize two novel antibodies, A-319 and A-2019. Blinatumomab and A-319 are CD3/CD19 bispecific antibodies with different molecular sizes and structures, and A-2019 is a novel CD3/CD19/CD20 trispecific antibody with an additional anti-CD20 function. Our in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo experiments demonstrated that A-319 and A-2019 are potent antitumor agents and capable of recruiting CD3 positive T cells, enhancing T-cell function, mediating B-cell depletion, and eventually inhibiting tumor growth in Raji xenograft models. The two molecules are complementary in terms of efficacy and specificity profile. The activity of A-319 demonstrated superior to that of A-2019, whereas A-2019 has an additional capability to target CD20 in cells missing CD19, suggesting its potential function against CD19 weak or negative CD20 positive leukemic cells.

Keywords： B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia bispecific antibody trispecific antibody CD19 CD20

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Activation of phagocytosis by immune checkpoint blockade

Chia-Wei Li, Yun-Ju Lai, Jennifer L. Hsu, Mien-Chie Hung

Frontiers of Medicine 2018, Volume 12, Issue 4, Pages 473-480 doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0657-5

Abstract:

Inhibition of macrophage-mediated phagocytosis has emerged as an essential mechanism for tumor immune evasion. One mechanism inhibiting the innate response is the presence of the macrophage inhibitory molecule, signal regulatory protein-α (SIRPα), on tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and its cognate ligand cluster of differentiation 47 (CD47) on tumor cells in the tumor microenvironment. On the basis of a recently discovered programmed death protein 1 (PD-1) in TAMs, we discuss the potential inhibitory receptors that possess new functions beyond T cell exhaustion in this review. As more and more immune receptors are found to be expressed on TAMs, the corresponding therapies may also stimulate macrophages for phagocytosis and thereby provide extra anti-tumor benefits in cancer therapy. Therefore, identification of biomarkers and combinatorial therapeutic strategies, have the potential to improve the efficacy and safety profiles of current immunotherapies.

Keywords： CD47 PD-1 PD-L1 immunotherapy TAM phagocytosis macrophage